"""
Copilot CLI SDK Client - Main entry point for the Copilot SDK.

This module provides the :class:`CopilotClient` class, which manages the connection
to the Copilot CLI server and provides session management capabilities.

Example:
    >>> from copilot import CopilotClient
    >>>
    >>> async with CopilotClient() as client:
    ...     session = await client.create_session()
    ...     await session.send({"prompt": "Hello!"})
"""

import asyncio
import inspect
import os
import re
import subprocess
import threading
from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
from typing import Any, Optional, cast

from .generated.session_events import session_event_from_dict
from .jsonrpc import JsonRpcClient
from .sdk_protocol_version import get_sdk_protocol_version
from .session import CopilotSession
from .types import (
    ConnectionState,
    CopilotClientOptions,
    CustomAgentConfig,
    GetAuthStatusResponse,
    GetStatusResponse,
    ModelInfo,
    ProviderConfig,
    ResumeSessionConfig,
    SessionConfig,
    SessionMetadata,
    ToolHandler,
    ToolInvocation,
    ToolResult,
)


class CopilotClient:
    """
    Main client for interacting with the Copilot CLI.

    The CopilotClient manages the connection to the Copilot CLI server and provides
    methods to create and manage conversation sessions. It can either spawn a CLI
    server process or connect to an existing server.

    The client supports both stdio (default) and TCP transport modes for
    communication with the CLI server.

    Attributes:
        options: The configuration options for the client.

    Example:
        >>> # Create a client with default options (spawns CLI server)
        >>> client = CopilotClient()
        >>> await client.start()
        >>>
        >>> # Create a session and send a message
        >>> session = await client.create_session({"model": "gpt-4"})
        >>> session.on(lambda event: print(event.type))
        >>> await session.send({"prompt": "Hello!"})
        >>>
        >>> # Clean up
        >>> await session.destroy()
        >>> await client.stop()

        >>> # Or connect to an existing server
        >>> client = CopilotClient({"cli_url": "localhost:3000"})
    """

    def __init__(self, options: Optional[CopilotClientOptions] = None):
        """
        Initialize a new CopilotClient.

        Args:
            options: Optional configuration options for the client. If not provided,
                default options are used (spawns CLI server using stdio).

        Raises:
            ValueError: If mutually exclusive options are provided (e.g., cli_url
                with use_stdio or cli_path).

        Example:
            >>> # Default options - spawns CLI server using stdio
            >>> client = CopilotClient()
            >>>
            >>> # Connect to an existing server
            >>> client = CopilotClient({"cli_url": "localhost:3000"})
            >>>
            >>> # Custom CLI path with specific log level
            >>> client = CopilotClient({
            ...     "cli_path": "/usr/local/bin/copilot",
            ...     "log_level": "debug"
            ... })
        """
        opts = options or {}

        # Validate mutually exclusive options
        if opts.get("cli_url") and (opts.get("use_stdio") or opts.get("cli_path")):
            raise ValueError("cli_url is mutually exclusive with use_stdio and cli_path")

        # Parse cli_url if provided
        self._actual_host: str = "localhost"
        self._is_external_server: bool = False
        if opts.get("cli_url"):
            self._actual_host, actual_port = self._parse_cli_url(opts["cli_url"])
            self._actual_port: Optional[int] = actual_port
            self._is_external_server = True
        else:
            self._actual_port = None

        # Check environment variable for CLI path
        default_cli_path = os.environ.get("COPILOT_CLI_PATH", "copilot")
        self.options: CopilotClientOptions = {
            "cli_path": opts.get("cli_path", default_cli_path),
            "cwd": opts.get("cwd", os.getcwd()),
            "port": opts.get("port", 0),
            "use_stdio": False if opts.get("cli_url") else opts.get("use_stdio", True),
            "log_level": opts.get("log_level", "info"),
            "auto_start": opts.get("auto_start", True),
            "auto_restart": opts.get("auto_restart", True),
        }
        if opts.get("cli_url"):
            self.options["cli_url"] = opts["cli_url"]
        if opts.get("env"):
            self.options["env"] = opts["env"]

        self._process: Optional[subprocess.Popen] = None
        self._client: Optional[JsonRpcClient] = None
        self._state: ConnectionState = "disconnected"
        self._sessions: dict[str, CopilotSession] = {}
        self._sessions_lock = threading.Lock()

    def _parse_cli_url(self, url: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
        """
        Parse CLI URL into host and port.

        Supports formats: "host:port", "http://host:port", "https://host:port",
        or just "port".

        Args:
            url: The CLI URL to parse.

        Returns:
            A tuple of (host, port).

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the URL format is invalid or the port is out of range.
        """
        import re

        # Remove protocol if present
        clean_url = re.sub(r"^https?://", "", url)

        # Check if it's just a port number
        if clean_url.isdigit():
            port = int(clean_url)
            if port <= 0 or port > 65535:
                raise ValueError(f"Invalid port in cli_url: {url}")
            return ("localhost", port)

        # Parse host:port format
        parts = clean_url.split(":")
        if len(parts) != 2:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid cli_url format: {url}")

        host = parts[0] if parts[0] else "localhost"
        try:
            port = int(parts[1])
        except ValueError as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid port in cli_url: {url}") from e

        if port <= 0 or port > 65535:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid port in cli_url: {url}")

        return (host, port)

    async def start(self) -> None:
        """
        Start the CLI server and establish a connection.

        If connecting to an external server (via cli_url), only establishes the
        connection. Otherwise, spawns the CLI server process and then connects.

        This method is called automatically when creating a session if ``auto_start``
        is True (default).

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the server fails to start or the connection fails.

        Example:
            >>> client = CopilotClient({"auto_start": False})
            >>> await client.start()
            >>> # Now ready to create sessions
        """
        if self._state == "connected":
            return

        self._state = "connecting"

        try:
            # Only start CLI server process if not connecting to external server
            if not self._is_external_server:
                await self._start_cli_server()

            # Connect to the server
            await self._connect_to_server()

            # Verify protocol version compatibility
            await self._verify_protocol_version()

            self._state = "connected"
        except Exception:
            self._state = "error"
            raise

    async def stop(self) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
        """
        Stop the CLI server and close all active sessions.

        This method performs graceful cleanup:
        1. Destroys all active sessions
        2. Closes the JSON-RPC connection
        3. Terminates the CLI server process (if spawned by this client)

        Returns:
            A list of errors that occurred during cleanup, each as a dict with
            a 'message' key. An empty list indicates all cleanup succeeded.

        Example:
            >>> errors = await client.stop()
            >>> if errors:
            ...     for error in errors:
            ...         print(f"Cleanup error: {error['message']}")
        """
        errors: list[dict[str, str]] = []

        # Atomically take ownership of all sessions and clear the dict
        # so no other thread can access them
        with self._sessions_lock:
            sessions_to_destroy = list(self._sessions.values())
            self._sessions.clear()

        for session in sessions_to_destroy:
            try:
                await session.destroy()
            except Exception as e:
                errors.append({"message": f"Failed to destroy session {session.session_id}: {e}"})

        # Close client
        if self._client:
            await self._client.stop()
            self._client = None

        # Kill CLI process
        # Kill CLI process (only if we spawned it)
        if self._process and not self._is_external_server:
            self._process.terminate()
            try:
                self._process.wait(timeout=5)
            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                self._process.kill()
            self._process = None

        self._state = "disconnected"
        if not self._is_external_server:
            self._actual_port = None

        return errors

    async def force_stop(self) -> None:
        """
        Forcefully stop the CLI server without graceful cleanup.

        Use this when :meth:`stop` fails or takes too long. This method:
        - Clears all sessions immediately without destroying them
        - Force closes the connection
        - Kills the CLI process (if spawned by this client)

        Example:
            >>> # If normal stop hangs, force stop
            >>> try:
            ...     await asyncio.wait_for(client.stop(), timeout=5.0)
            ... except asyncio.TimeoutError:
            ...     await client.force_stop()
        """
        # Clear sessions immediately without trying to destroy them
        with self._sessions_lock:
            self._sessions.clear()

        # Force close connection
        if self._client:
            try:
                await self._client.stop()
            except Exception:
                pass  # Ignore errors during force stop
            self._client = None

        # Kill CLI process immediately
        if self._process and not self._is_external_server:
            self._process.kill()
            self._process = None

        self._state = "disconnected"
        if not self._is_external_server:
            self._actual_port = None

    async def create_session(self, config: Optional[SessionConfig] = None) -> CopilotSession:
        """
        Create a new conversation session with the Copilot CLI.

        Sessions maintain conversation state, handle events, and manage tool execution.
        If the client is not connected and ``auto_start`` is enabled, this will
        automatically start the connection.

        Args:
            config: Optional configuration for the session, including model selection,
                custom tools, system messages, and more.

        Returns:
            A :class:`CopilotSession` instance for the new session.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected and auto_start is disabled.

        Example:
            >>> # Basic session
            >>> session = await client.create_session()
            >>>
            >>> # Session with model and streaming
            >>> session = await client.create_session({
            ...     "model": "gpt-4",
            ...     "streaming": True
            ... })
        """
        if not self._client:
            if self.options["auto_start"]:
                await self.start()
            else:
                raise RuntimeError("Client not connected. Call start() first.")

        cfg = config or {}

        tool_defs = []
        tools = cfg.get("tools")
        if tools:
            for tool in tools:
                definition = {
                    "name": tool.name,
                    "description": tool.description,
                }
                if tool.parameters:
                    definition["parameters"] = tool.parameters
                tool_defs.append(definition)

        payload: dict[str, Any] = {}
        if cfg.get("model"):
            payload["model"] = cfg["model"]
        if cfg.get("session_id"):
            payload["sessionId"] = cfg["session_id"]
        if tool_defs:
            payload["tools"] = tool_defs

        # Add system message configuration if provided
        system_message = cfg.get("system_message")
        if system_message:
            payload["systemMessage"] = system_message

        # Add tool filtering options
        available_tools = cfg.get("available_tools")
        if available_tools:
            payload["availableTools"] = available_tools
        excluded_tools = cfg.get("excluded_tools")
        if excluded_tools:
            payload["excludedTools"] = excluded_tools

        # Enable permission request callback if handler provided
        on_permission_request = cfg.get("on_permission_request")
        if on_permission_request:
            payload["requestPermission"] = True
        # Add streaming option if provided
        streaming = cfg.get("streaming")
        if streaming is not None:
            payload["streaming"] = streaming

        # Add provider configuration if provided
        provider = cfg.get("provider")
        if provider:
            payload["provider"] = self._convert_provider_to_wire_format(provider)

        # Add MCP servers configuration if provided
        mcp_servers = cfg.get("mcp_servers")
        if mcp_servers:
            payload["mcpServers"] = mcp_servers

        # Add custom agents configuration if provided
        custom_agents = cfg.get("custom_agents")
        if custom_agents:
            payload["customAgents"] = [
                self._convert_custom_agent_to_wire_format(agent) for agent in custom_agents
            ]

        # Add config directory override if provided
        config_dir = cfg.get("config_dir")
        if config_dir:
            payload["configDir"] = config_dir

        # Add skill directories configuration if provided
        skill_directories = cfg.get("skill_directories")
        if skill_directories:
            payload["skillDirectories"] = skill_directories

        # Add disabled skills configuration if provided
        disabled_skills = cfg.get("disabled_skills")
        if disabled_skills:
            payload["disabledSkills"] = disabled_skills

        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")
        response = await self._client.request("session.create", payload)

        session_id = response["sessionId"]
        session = CopilotSession(session_id, self._client)
        session._register_tools(tools)
        if on_permission_request:
            session._register_permission_handler(on_permission_request)
        with self._sessions_lock:
            self._sessions[session_id] = session

        return session

    async def resume_session(
        self, session_id: str, config: Optional[ResumeSessionConfig] = None
    ) -> CopilotSession:
        """
        Resume an existing conversation session by its ID.

        This allows you to continue a previous conversation, maintaining all
        conversation history. The session must have been previously created
        and not deleted.

        Args:
            session_id: The ID of the session to resume.
            config: Optional configuration for the resumed session.

        Returns:
            A :class:`CopilotSession` instance for the resumed session.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the session does not exist or the client is not connected.

        Example:
            >>> # Resume a previous session
            >>> session = await client.resume_session("session-123")
            >>>
            >>> # Resume with new tools
            >>> session = await client.resume_session("session-123", {
            ...     "tools": [my_new_tool]
            ... })
        """
        if not self._client:
            if self.options["auto_start"]:
                await self.start()
            else:
                raise RuntimeError("Client not connected. Call start() first.")

        cfg = config or {}

        tool_defs = []
        tools = cfg.get("tools")
        if tools:
            for tool in tools:
                definition = {
                    "name": tool.name,
                    "description": tool.description,
                }
                if tool.parameters:
                    definition["parameters"] = tool.parameters
                tool_defs.append(definition)

        payload: dict[str, Any] = {"sessionId": session_id}
        if tool_defs:
            payload["tools"] = tool_defs

        provider = cfg.get("provider")
        if provider:
            payload["provider"] = self._convert_provider_to_wire_format(provider)

        # Add streaming option if provided
        streaming = cfg.get("streaming")
        if streaming is not None:
            payload["streaming"] = streaming

        # Enable permission request callback if handler provided
        on_permission_request = cfg.get("on_permission_request")
        if on_permission_request:
            payload["requestPermission"] = True

        # Add MCP servers configuration if provided
        mcp_servers = cfg.get("mcp_servers")
        if mcp_servers:
            payload["mcpServers"] = mcp_servers

        # Add custom agents configuration if provided
        custom_agents = cfg.get("custom_agents")
        if custom_agents:
            payload["customAgents"] = [
                self._convert_custom_agent_to_wire_format(agent) for agent in custom_agents
            ]

        # Add skill directories configuration if provided
        skill_directories = cfg.get("skill_directories")
        if skill_directories:
            payload["skillDirectories"] = skill_directories

        # Add disabled skills configuration if provided
        disabled_skills = cfg.get("disabled_skills")
        if disabled_skills:
            payload["disabledSkills"] = disabled_skills

        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")
        response = await self._client.request("session.resume", payload)

        resumed_session_id = response["sessionId"]
        session = CopilotSession(resumed_session_id, self._client)
        session._register_tools(cfg.get("tools"))
        if on_permission_request:
            session._register_permission_handler(on_permission_request)
        with self._sessions_lock:
            self._sessions[resumed_session_id] = session

        return session

    def get_state(self) -> ConnectionState:
        """
        Get the current connection state of the client.

        Returns:
            The current connection state: "disconnected", "connecting",
            "connected", or "error".

        Example:
            >>> if client.get_state() == "connected":
            ...     session = await client.create_session()
        """
        return self._state

    async def ping(self, message: Optional[str] = None) -> dict:
        """
        Send a ping request to the server to verify connectivity.

        Args:
            message: Optional message to include in the ping.

        Returns:
            A dict containing the ping response with 'message', 'timestamp',
            and 'protocolVersion' keys.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected.

        Example:
            >>> response = await client.ping("health check")
            >>> print(f"Server responded at {response['timestamp']}")
        """
        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")

        return await self._client.request("ping", {"message": message})

    async def get_status(self) -> "GetStatusResponse":
        """
        Get CLI status including version and protocol information.

        Returns:
            A GetStatusResponse containing version and protocolVersion.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected.

        Example:
            >>> status = await client.get_status()
            >>> print(f"CLI version: {status['version']}")
        """
        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")

        return await self._client.request("status.get", {})

    async def get_auth_status(self) -> "GetAuthStatusResponse":
        """
        Get current authentication status.

        Returns:
            A GetAuthStatusResponse containing authentication state.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected.

        Example:
            >>> auth = await client.get_auth_status()
            >>> if auth['isAuthenticated']:
            ...     print(f"Logged in as {auth.get('login')}")
        """
        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")

        return await self._client.request("auth.getStatus", {})

    async def list_models(self) -> list["ModelInfo"]:
        """
        List available models with their metadata.

        Returns:
            A list of ModelInfo objects with model details.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected.
            Exception: If not authenticated.

        Example:
            >>> models = await client.list_models()
            >>> for model in models:
            ...     print(f"{model['id']}: {model['name']}")
        """
        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")

        response = await self._client.request("models.list", {})
        return response.get("models", [])

    async def list_sessions(self) -> list["SessionMetadata"]:
        """
        List all available sessions known to the server.

        Returns metadata about each session including ID, timestamps, and summary.

        Returns:
            A list of session metadata dictionaries with keys: sessionId (str),
            startTime (str), modifiedTime (str), summary (str, optional),
            and isRemote (bool).

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected.

        Example:
            >>> sessions = await client.list_sessions()
            >>> for session in sessions:
            ...     print(f"Session: {session['sessionId']}")
        """
        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")

        response = await self._client.request("session.list", {})
        return response.get("sessions", [])

    async def delete_session(self, session_id: str) -> None:
        """
        Delete a session permanently.

        This permanently removes the session and all its conversation history.
        The session cannot be resumed after deletion.

        Args:
            session_id: The ID of the session to delete.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the client is not connected or deletion fails.

        Example:
            >>> await client.delete_session("session-123")
        """
        if not self._client:
            raise RuntimeError("Client not connected")

        response = await self._client.request("session.delete", {"sessionId": session_id})

        success = response.get("success", False)
        if not success:
            error = response.get("error", "Unknown error")
            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to delete session {session_id}: {error}")

        # Remove from local sessions map if present
        with self._sessions_lock:
            if session_id in self._sessions:
                del self._sessions[session_id]

    async def _verify_protocol_version(self) -> None:
        """Verify that the server's protocol version matches the SDK's expected version."""
        expected_version = get_sdk_protocol_version()
        ping_result = await self.ping()
        server_version = ping_result.get("protocolVersion")

        if server_version is None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"SDK protocol version mismatch: SDK expects version {expected_version}, "
                f"but server does not report a protocol version. "
                f"Please update your server to ensure compatibility."
            )

        if server_version != expected_version:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"SDK protocol version mismatch: SDK expects version {expected_version}, "
                f"but server reports version {server_version}. "
                f"Please update your SDK or server to ensure compatibility."
            )

    def _convert_provider_to_wire_format(
        self, provider: ProviderConfig | dict[str, Any]
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Convert provider config from snake_case to camelCase wire format.

        Args:
            provider: The provider configuration in snake_case format.

        Returns:
            The provider configuration in camelCase wire format.
        """
        wire_provider: dict[str, Any] = {"type": provider.get("type")}
        if "base_url" in provider:
            wire_provider["baseUrl"] = provider["base_url"]
        if "api_key" in provider:
            wire_provider["apiKey"] = provider["api_key"]
        if "wire_api" in provider:
            wire_provider["wireApi"] = provider["wire_api"]
        if "bearer_token" in provider:
            wire_provider["bearerToken"] = provider["bearer_token"]
        if "azure" in provider:
            azure = provider["azure"]
            wire_azure: dict[str, Any] = {}
            if "api_version" in azure:
                wire_azure["apiVersion"] = azure["api_version"]
            if wire_azure:
                wire_provider["azure"] = wire_azure
        return wire_provider

    def _convert_custom_agent_to_wire_format(
        self, agent: CustomAgentConfig | dict[str, Any]
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Convert custom agent config from snake_case to camelCase wire format.

        Args:
            agent: The custom agent configuration in snake_case format.

        Returns:
            The custom agent configuration in camelCase wire format.
        """
        wire_agent: dict[str, Any] = {"name": agent.get("name"), "prompt": agent.get("prompt")}
        if "display_name" in agent:
            wire_agent["displayName"] = agent["display_name"]
        if "description" in agent:
            wire_agent["description"] = agent["description"]
        if "tools" in agent:
            wire_agent["tools"] = agent["tools"]
        if "mcp_servers" in agent:
            wire_agent["mcpServers"] = agent["mcp_servers"]
        if "infer" in agent:
            wire_agent["infer"] = agent["infer"]
        return wire_agent

    async def _start_cli_server(self) -> None:
        """
        Start the CLI server process.

        This spawns the CLI server as a subprocess using the configured transport
        mode (stdio or TCP).

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the server fails to start or times out.
        """
        cli_path = self.options["cli_path"]
        args = ["--server", "--log-level", self.options["log_level"]]

        # If cli_path is a .js file, run it with node
        # Note that we can't rely on the shebang as Windows doesn't support it
        if cli_path.endswith(".js"):
            args = ["node", cli_path] + args
        else:
            args = [cli_path] + args

        # Get environment variables
        env = self.options.get("env")

        # Choose transport mode
        if self.options["use_stdio"]:
            args.append("--stdio")
            # Use regular Popen with pipes (buffering=0 for unbuffered)
            self._process = subprocess.Popen(
                args,
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                bufsize=0,
                cwd=self.options["cwd"],
                env=env,
            )
        else:
            if self.options["port"] > 0:
                args.extend(["--port", str(self.options["port"])])
            self._process = subprocess.Popen(
                args,
                stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                cwd=self.options["cwd"],
                env=env,
            )

        # For stdio mode, we're ready immediately
        if self.options["use_stdio"]:
            return

        # For TCP mode, wait for port announcement
        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        process = self._process  # Capture for closure

        async def read_port():
            if not process or not process.stdout:
                raise RuntimeError("Process not started or stdout not available")
            while True:
                line = cast(bytes, await loop.run_in_executor(None, process.stdout.readline))
                if not line:
                    raise RuntimeError("CLI process exited before announcing port")

                line_str = line.decode()
                match = re.search(r"listening on port (\d+)", line_str, re.IGNORECASE)
                if match:
                    self._actual_port = int(match.group(1))
                    return

        try:
            await asyncio.wait_for(read_port(), timeout=10.0)
        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
            raise RuntimeError("Timeout waiting for CLI server to start")

    async def _connect_to_server(self) -> None:
        """
        Connect to the CLI server via the configured transport.

        Uses either stdio or TCP based on the client configuration.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the connection fails.
        """
        if self.options["use_stdio"]:
            await self._connect_via_stdio()
        else:
            await self._connect_via_tcp()

    async def _connect_via_stdio(self) -> None:
        """
        Connect to the CLI server via stdio pipes.

        Creates a JSON-RPC client using the CLI process's stdin/stdout.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the CLI process is not started.
        """
        if not self._process:
            raise RuntimeError("CLI process not started")

        # Create JSON-RPC client with the process
        self._client = JsonRpcClient(self._process)

        # Set up notification handler for session events
        # Note: This handler is called from the event loop (thread-safe scheduling)
        def handle_notification(method: str, params: dict):
            if method == "session.event":
                session_id = params["sessionId"]
                event_dict = params["event"]
                # Convert dict to SessionEvent object
                event = session_event_from_dict(event_dict)
                with self._sessions_lock:
                    session = self._sessions.get(session_id)
                if session:
                    session._dispatch_event(event)

        self._client.set_notification_handler(handle_notification)
        self._client.set_request_handler("tool.call", self._handle_tool_call_request)
        self._client.set_request_handler("permission.request", self._handle_permission_request)

        # Start listening for messages
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        self._client.start(loop)

    async def _connect_via_tcp(self) -> None:
        """
        Connect to the CLI server via TCP socket.

        Creates a TCP connection to the server at the configured host and port.

        Raises:
            RuntimeError: If the server port is not available or connection fails.
        """
        if not self._actual_port:
            raise RuntimeError("Server port not available")

        # Create a TCP socket connection with timeout
        import socket

        # Connection timeout constant
        TCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 10  # seconds

        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.settimeout(TCP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT)

        try:
            sock.connect((self._actual_host, self._actual_port))
            sock.settimeout(None)  # Remove timeout after connection
        except OSError as e:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Failed to connect to CLI server at {self._actual_host}:{self._actual_port}: {e}"
            )

        # Create a file-like wrapper for the socket
        sock_file = sock.makefile("rwb", buffering=0)

        # Create a mock process object that JsonRpcClient expects
        class SocketWrapper:
            def __init__(self, sock_file, sock_obj):
                self.stdin = sock_file
                self.stdout = sock_file
                self.stderr = None
                self._socket = sock_obj

            def terminate(self):
                try:
                    self._socket.close()
                except OSError:
                    pass

            def kill(self):
                self.terminate()

            def wait(self, timeout=None):
                pass

        self._process = SocketWrapper(sock_file, sock)  # type: ignore
        self._client = JsonRpcClient(self._process)

        # Set up notification handler for session events
        def handle_notification(method: str, params: dict):
            if method == "session.event":
                session_id = params["sessionId"]
                event_dict = params["event"]
                # Convert dict to SessionEvent object
                event = session_event_from_dict(event_dict)
                session = self._sessions.get(session_id)
                if session:
                    session._dispatch_event(event)

        self._client.set_notification_handler(handle_notification)
        self._client.set_request_handler("tool.call", self._handle_tool_call_request)
        self._client.set_request_handler("permission.request", self._handle_permission_request)

        # Start listening for messages
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        self._client.start(loop)

    async def _handle_permission_request(self, params: dict) -> dict:
        """
        Handle a permission request from the CLI server.

        Args:
            params: The permission request parameters from the server.

        Returns:
            A dict containing the permission decision result.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the request payload is invalid.
        """
        session_id = params.get("sessionId")
        permission_request = params.get("permissionRequest")

        if not session_id or not permission_request:
            raise ValueError("invalid permission request payload")

        with self._sessions_lock:
            session = self._sessions.get(session_id)
        if not session:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown session {session_id}")

        try:
            result = await session._handle_permission_request(permission_request)
            return {"result": result}
        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            # If permission handler fails, deny the permission
            return {
                "result": {
                    "kind": "denied-no-approval-rule-and-could-not-request-from-user",
                }
            }

    async def _handle_tool_call_request(self, params: dict) -> dict:
        """
        Handle a tool call request from the CLI server.

        Args:
            params: The tool call parameters from the server.

        Returns:
            A dict containing the tool execution result.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the request payload is invalid or session is unknown.
        """
        session_id = params.get("sessionId")
        tool_call_id = params.get("toolCallId")
        tool_name = params.get("toolName")

        if not session_id or not tool_call_id or not tool_name:
            raise ValueError("invalid tool call payload")

        with self._sessions_lock:
            session = self._sessions.get(session_id)
        if not session:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown session {session_id}")

        handler = session._get_tool_handler(tool_name)
        if not handler:
            return {"result": self._build_unsupported_tool_result(tool_name)}

        arguments = params.get("arguments")
        result = await self._execute_tool_call(
            session_id,
            tool_call_id,
            tool_name,
            arguments,
            handler,
        )

        return {"result": result}

    async def _execute_tool_call(
        self,
        session_id: str,
        tool_call_id: str,
        tool_name: str,
        arguments: Any,
        handler: ToolHandler,
    ) -> ToolResult:
        """
        Execute a tool call with the given handler.

        Args:
            session_id: The session ID making the tool call.
            tool_call_id: The unique ID for this tool call.
            tool_name: The name of the tool being called.
            arguments: The arguments to pass to the tool handler.
            handler: The tool handler function to execute.

        Returns:
            A ToolResult containing the execution result or error.
        """
        invocation: ToolInvocation = {
            "session_id": session_id,
            "tool_call_id": tool_call_id,
            "tool_name": tool_name,
            "arguments": arguments,
        }

        try:
            result = handler(invocation)
            if inspect.isawaitable(result):
                result = await result
        except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            # Don't expose detailed error information to the LLM for security reasons.
            # The actual error is stored in the 'error' field for debugging.
            result = ToolResult(
                textResultForLlm="Invoking this tool produced an error. "
                "Detailed information is not available.",
                resultType="failure",
                error=str(exc),
                toolTelemetry={},
            )

        if result is None:
            result = ToolResult(
                textResultForLlm="Tool returned no result.",
                resultType="failure",
                error="tool returned no result",
                toolTelemetry={},
            )

        return self._normalize_tool_result(result)

    def _normalize_tool_result(self, result: ToolResult) -> ToolResult:
        """
        Normalize a tool result for transmission.

        Converts dataclass instances to dictionaries for JSON serialization.

        Args:
            result: The tool result to normalize.

        Returns:
            The normalized tool result.
        """
        if is_dataclass(result) and not isinstance(result, type):
            return asdict(result)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        return result

    def _build_unsupported_tool_result(self, tool_name: str) -> ToolResult:
        """
        Build a failure result for an unsupported tool.

        Args:
            tool_name: The name of the unsupported tool.

        Returns:
            A ToolResult indicating the tool is not supported.
        """
        return ToolResult(
            textResultForLlm=f"Tool '{tool_name}' is not supported.",
            resultType="failure",
            error=f"tool '{tool_name}' not supported",
            toolTelemetry={},
        )