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CopilotKit Error Pattern Catalog

V1 Error Codes (CopilotKitErrorCode)

Legacy error codes from the v1 runtime layer. These still surface in @copilotkit/* packages since they wrap v2 internally. Defined in packages/v1/shared/src/utils/errors.ts.

NETWORK_ERROR

NOT_FOUND

AGENT_NOT_FOUND

API_NOT_FOUND

REMOTE_ENDPOINT_NOT_FOUND

AUTHENTICATION_ERROR

VERSION_MISMATCH

  • HTTP Status: 400
  • Severity: INFO (dev only)
  • Cause: @copilotkit/* packages are on different versions.
  • Resolution: Ensure all @copilotkit/* packages are the same version. Run npm ls @copilotkit/runtime @copilotkit/react.

CONFIGURATION_ERROR

  • HTTP Status: 400
  • Severity: WARNING (banner)
  • Cause: Invalid runtime or provider configuration.
  • Resolution: Review the CopilotRuntime and CopilotKitProvider configuration.

MISSING_PUBLIC_API_KEY_ERROR

  • HTTP Status: 400
  • Severity: CRITICAL (banner)
  • Cause: The publicApiKey prop is missing from CopilotKitProvider when using CopilotKit Cloud.
  • Resolution: Add publicApiKey to the provider, or switch to self-hosted mode with runtimeUrl.

UPGRADE_REQUIRED_ERROR

  • HTTP Status: 402
  • Severity: WARNING (banner)
  • Cause: The current plan does not support the requested feature.
  • Resolution: Upgrade the CopilotKit plan or remove the feature flag.

MISUSE

  • HTTP Status: 400
  • Severity: WARNING (dev only)
  • Cause: Incorrect API usage detected at development time (e.g., using a hook outside its provider).
  • Resolution: Follow the error message guidance -- typically a component is being used outside the required provider.

UNKNOWN

  • HTTP Status: 500
  • Severity: CRITICAL (toast)
  • Cause: Unclassified server error.
  • Resolution: Check server logs for the underlying exception.

V1 Error Classes

All defined in packages/v1/shared/src/utils/errors.ts:

Class Extends When Thrown
CopilotKitError GraphQLError Base class for all structured errors
CopilotKitMisuseError CopilotKitError Wrong usage of components/hooks
CopilotKitVersionMismatchError CopilotKitError Package version incompatibility
CopilotKitApiDiscoveryError CopilotKitError Runtime endpoint not found (404, routing)
CopilotKitRemoteEndpointDiscoveryError CopilotKitApiDiscoveryError Remote agent endpoint unreachable
CopilotKitAgentDiscoveryError CopilotKitError Named agent not in registry
CopilotKitLowLevelError CopilotKitError Pre-HTTP errors (DNS, connection refused)
ResolvedCopilotKitError CopilotKitError HTTP error responses (status-code based)
ConfigurationError CopilotKitError Invalid configuration
MissingPublicApiKeyError ConfigurationError Cloud mode without API key
UpgradeRequiredError ConfigurationError Plan limitation

V2 Error Codes (CopilotKitCoreErrorCode)

Used by @copilotkit/core. Defined in packages/v2/core/src/core/core.ts. These are emitted via the onError subscriber callback.

runtime_info_fetch_failed

  • Cause: The /info endpoint returned an error or was unreachable.
  • Resolution: Verify runtimeUrl points to a running CopilotRuntime. Check CORS if cross-origin. The /info endpoint must return agent metadata and runtime version.

agent_connect_failed

  • Cause: WebSocket or HTTP connection to the agent failed during the connect phase.
  • Resolution: For Intelligence mode, verify the WebSocket URL (wsUrl) is correct. For SSE mode, check that the agent exists in the runtime.

agent_run_failed

  • Cause: The agent run threw an exception before completing.
  • Resolution: Check server-side logs for the agent execution error. Common causes: missing API keys for the LLM provider, invalid model configuration.

agent_run_failed_event

  • Cause: The AG-UI stream contained a RunFailedEvent (the agent explicitly signaled failure).
  • Resolution: The event payload contains the failure reason. Check the agent's implementation for error handling.

agent_run_error_event

  • Cause: The AG-UI stream contained a RunErrorEvent (non-fatal error during the run).
  • Resolution: Check the error message in the event. May be transient -- the agent might recover.

tool_argument_parse_failed

  • Cause: The JSON arguments for a frontend tool call could not be parsed.
  • Resolution: Check the tool's parameter schema. The LLM may have generated malformed JSON.

tool_handler_failed

  • Cause: A frontend tool's execute handler threw an exception.
  • Resolution: Check the tool's handler code. The error is caught and reported via onError.

tool_not_found

  • Cause: The agent called a tool that is not registered in the frontend.
  • Resolution: Ensure useFrontendTool is registered with the correct name before the agent runs.

agent_not_found

  • Cause: The agentId passed to CopilotChat or useAgent does not match any agent in the runtime.
  • Resolution: Check the runtime's /info endpoint to see available agents. Match the agentId prop.

transcription_failed

  • Cause: Generic transcription failure.
  • Resolution: See TranscriptionErrorCode section below for specific sub-codes.

transcription_service_not_configured

  • Cause: Voice transcription requested but no transcriptionService configured in the runtime.
  • Resolution: Add a transcription service to the runtime constructor.

transcription_invalid_audio

  • Cause: Audio format not supported by the transcription provider.
  • Resolution: Check supported audio formats (typically webm, wav, mp3).

transcription_rate_limited

  • Cause: Transcription provider rate limit exceeded.
  • Resolution: Wait and retry. Consider caching or reducing request frequency.

transcription_auth_failed

  • Cause: Authentication with the transcription provider failed.
  • Resolution: Check the transcription API key configuration.

transcription_network_error

  • Cause: Network error during transcription API call.
  • Resolution: Check connectivity to the transcription provider.

Transcription Error Codes (TranscriptionErrorCode)

Used by @copilotkit/shared and @copilotkit/react. Defined in packages/v2/shared/src/transcription-errors.ts.

Code Retryable Description
service_not_configured No No transcription service in runtime
invalid_audio_format No Unsupported audio format
audio_too_long No Audio file exceeds maximum duration
audio_too_short No Audio too short to transcribe
rate_limited Yes Provider rate limit hit
auth_failed No Provider authentication failed
provider_error Yes Provider returned an error
network_error Yes Network failure during transcription
invalid_request No Malformed request to transcription endpoint

Intelligence Platform Error (PlatformRequestError)

Used by @copilotkit/runtime for Intelligence mode. Defined in packages/v2/runtime/src/intelligence-platform/client.ts.

Status Meaning
404 Thread not found
409 Thread already exists (race condition -- handled automatically by getOrCreateThread)
401 Invalid API key or tenant ID
500 Platform server error

Common GitHub-Reported Issues

These are frequently reported bugs from the CopilotKit issue tracker:

Event Name Prefix Mismatch (Python SDK + ag-ui-langgraph)

  • Issue: #3519
  • Symptom: copilotkit_emit_message, copilotkit_emit_state, copilotkit_emit_tool_call never reach the frontend
  • Cause: Python SDK dispatches events with "copilotkit_" prefix but ag-ui-langgraph expects names without the prefix
  • Resolution: Update ag-ui-langgraph or patch the event name mapping

Tool Call Failing Silently

  • Issue: #3510
  • Symptom: defineTool tool calls fail without error or response
  • Resolution: Check tool parameter schema validation and network responses

Reasoning Events Cause Agent Stall

  • Issue: #3323
  • Symptom: Agent stalls permanently after Anthropic reasoning/thinking tokens
  • Cause: REASONING_* events in the AG-UI SSE stream are not handled correctly
  • Resolution: Update to a version with reasoning event handling fixes

HITL Frontend Tool Not Executing After Confirmation

  • Issue: #3442
  • Symptom: useFrontendTool with renderAndWaitForResponse does not execute after user confirms
  • Resolution: Check the HITL flow implementation and runId consistency (related: #3456)

Authorization Header Not Passed to A2A Agents

  • Issue: #3170
  • Symptom: Auth headers from the client do not reach agents using A2A protocol
  • Resolution: Verify header forwarding configuration in runtime middleware

LangChainAdapter Regression ("Unknown provider undefined")

  • Issue: #3217
  • Symptom: LangChainAdapter throws "Unknown provider undefined" in v1.50.0+
  • Cause: Custom adapters without provider/model properties hit a code path that assumes they exist
  • Resolution: Migrate to v2 BuiltInAgent or add .provider/.model to the adapter

Mixed Frontend and Backend Tool Execution Fails

  • Issue: #3424
  • Symptom: OpenAI BadRequestError when mixing frontend and backend tools with LangGraph
  • Resolution: Check tool registration and ensure tools are not duplicated across frontend and backend

Context Not Updated with Mastra Integration

  • Issue: #3426
  • Symptom: Context state does not propagate to Mastra agents
  • Resolution: Verify context is being passed through the runtime middleware chain

Subscribe Null Reference in A2A/A2UI

  • Issue: #3429
  • Symptom: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'subscribe') during A2A integration
  • Resolution: Check agent lifecycle and ensure proper initialization order

IME Input Cleared on Mobile (v2)

  • Issue: #3318
  • Symptom: Typing with IME on mobile devices clears input in CopilotChat
  • Resolution: Known v2 issue with controlled input handling during IME composition

Message ID Collision with OpenAI-Compatible Providers

  • Issue: #3410
  • Symptom: All messages share the same ID when using @ai-sdk/openai-compatible
  • Cause: Default message ID from the compatible provider is not unique
  • Resolution: Update to a patched version or use the native OpenAI provider